Search results for "Social pressure"
showing 6 items of 6 documents
Anxiety level and decision-making among Norwegian top-class soccer referees
2013
The purpose of this study was to examine the level of anxiety experienced by Norwegian top-class soccer referees while officiating, and to predict the level of anxiety according to refereeing level and perceived refereeing competence. Also investigated were referees' perceptions of how crowd noise and disturbance from players and/or coaches, failure (i.e. mistakes) in refereeing, and aggressive behaviour by players and/or coaches influence their decision-making when officiating. A total of 83 (response rate: 84.7%) referees (73 men and 10 women) aged 20–46 years (mean = 33.2 years) completed our questionnaire using SurveyXact, a web-based program for conducting electronic questionnaires. Th…
Canned Emotions. Effects of Genre and Audience Reaction on Emotions
2017
Laughter is said to be contagious. Maybe this is why TV stations often choose to add so-called canned laughter to their shows. Questionable as this practice may be, observers seem to like it. If such a simple manipulation, assumingly by inducing positive emotion, can change our attitudes toward the film, does the opposite manipulation work as well? Does a negative sound-track, such as screaming voices, have comparable effects in the opposite direction? We designed three experiments with a total of 110 participants to test whether scream-tracks have comparable effects on the evaluation of film sequences as do laugh-tracks. Experiment 1 showed segments of comedies, scary, and neutral films an…
Does Microfinance Cause or Reduce Suicides? Policy Recommendations for Reducing Borrower Stress
2011
At a time when suicides by microfinance borrowers in Andhra Pradesh are extensively discussed, this paper makes an initial tentative exploration into the impact of microfinance on suicides. Does MF reduce or increase suicides? Data limitations imply methodological limitations and provisional conclusions. The literature review, starting with Emile Durkheim, of research on suicides brings out the importance of psychological factors, divorce, and unemployment. We investigate time series data on suicides in India and find a just significantly positive correlation with male suicide rates and slightly negative correlations (not significant) with female suicide rates – but no relation between micr…
Time and Gender Influence in Sexual Behavior of Romanian Adolescents
2015
Abstract Our study tries to establish if the young generation starts sexual activity earlier, under mass media and social pressure, and if the gender is a relevant influence factor in this context. A questionnaire-based survey was developed in order to evaluate the potential relationship between psychological traits and behavior implying risk for people health. The questionnaire was distributed and we received valid responses from a number of 1,364 people (536 male and 828 female). Using SPSS one way ANOVA we found a significant difference determinate by gender regarding the age of sexual activity start.
Does the crowd matter in refereeing decisions? Evidence from Spanish soccer
2016
This paper analyses referee home bias with data from the First Division of the Spanish Football League between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. The aim is to assess the behaviour of the referee in relation to two decisions, namely free kicks awarded and players booked. The main contribution of this paper is the way in which it analyses referee bias; free kicks and bookings are not considered independent elements, instead it is presumed that the number of free kicks awarded has an impact on the cards shown. Regarding methodology, two random effects panel-data regression models are estimated. The results obtained do not confirm, at least in the period under analysis, that Spanish soccer refer…
"Vestirme de hombre y montar a caballo". Androginia y mujer moderna en la novela autobiográfica "Oculto sendero", de Elena Fortún
2021
espanolLa escritora Elena Fortun (Madrid, 1886-1952) es celebre por su mitico personaje de ficcion para ninos: la imaginativa y traviesa Celia. Este articulo pretende analizar la obra mas alternativa de la autora, Oculto sendero, publicada por primera vez en 2016 tras decadas escondida en una maleta: la autora no la quiso publicar en vida. Se trata de una obra de corte autobiografico donde Fortun usa el personaje de la pintora Maria Luisa Arroyo para hablar de su propio proceso de descubrimiento de una orientacion sexual que una madre autoritaria, el matrimonio y la presion social le impidieron vivir plenamente. Este articulo estudia el vinculo entre el concepto de «mujer moderna» y la adop…